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Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Received: 18 February 2015     Accepted: 5 March 2015     Published: 8 June 2015
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Abstract

Back ground - The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority. Vast scientific literatures demonstrated substantial health, social and economic benefits associated with appropriate breastfeeding, including lower infant morbidity and mortality from diarrhea and infectious diseases. WHO and UNICEF recommend that all mothers should breastfeed their children exclusively for the first 6 months and thereafter. In Ethiopia, like in other developing nations, diarrhea is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality in young infant and children, especially in urban areas, due to inappropriate breastfeeding patterns. Breastfeeding being a vital and indispensable part of primary health care, studies have not been conducted in East Shewa zone on determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of reproductive age group. Objective – To assess determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of child aged less than two years in Bishoftu town, Ada’a woreda, East Shewa zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods – A cross- sectional community based study design was employed. A total of 806 mothers of children age less than two years residing in Bishoftu town, East Shewa zone, Ethiopia were selected by using systematic random sampling for the quantitative study. The households were selected by systematic random sampling, which is by dividing the total number of households in all selected kebeles by the allocated sample size to get study subjects. Experienced interviewers and qualified supervisors were employed and a pre-tested questionnaire was utilized for this purpose. Result—Four hundred ten (50.9%) had sufficient knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding. Knowledge was found to be influenced by PNC. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice is only 34.1%. PNC follow up and maternal educations are significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Mothers who attended PNC are more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than those who did not attend (AOR= 2.19 (1.12, 4.32)), and those who did not attend formal school are more likely to practice exclusively (AOR= 3.61 (1.14, 11.43)), than mothers who attended education. Conclusion: It is concluded that maternal knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding is insufficient and breastfeeding practice is sub-optimal. This would increase the risk of faltered growth, infant/young child diarrhea and/or malnutrition, ARI and in addition it shortens birth interval and high fertility. Therefore strengthening counseling mothers on optimal breastfeeding practice and improving the information provision by suitable focused intensive IEC activity and other recommendations is forwarded.

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23
Page(s) 544-551
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Breastfeeding, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Determinant Factors

References
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[2] Newburg DS, Peterson JA, Ruiz-palacios GM et al. Role of human milk lactadherin in protection against symptoms rotavirus infection. Lancet 1998; 351:116-1164.
[3] Woolridge MW, Phil D, Baum JD. Recent advances in breastfeeding. Alta paediatric JJPn 1993; 35: 1-2
[4] Peters E, Wehkamp K.H, Felberbaum RE. et al. Breastfeeding duration is determined by only few factors. European journal of Public Health, 2005; 16(2):162-7
[5] Foo LL, Quek AJA et al. Breatfeeding prevalence and practices among Singaporean, Chinese, Malysia and India mothers, Health Promotion International 2005; 20(3): 229-37
[6] World Health Organization, Division of Family Health, The prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in Urban population of Chandigrh during a decade, Indian pediator 1987;24: 879-887
[7] Plan of action of the National Control of Diarrheal Diseases program, MOH, Ethiopia, 1990-1992
[8] Essential Nutrition Actions to Improve the Nutrition of Women and Children in Ethiopia, including under situations of Emergencies and HIV/AIDS; Training Manual, 2004
[9] 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, Central Statistical Authority, Addis Ababa, 2006
[10] Ke1tsela T, kebede D. Pattern of feeding Infants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J. health Dev. 10(1):133-143, Ethiopia, 1996
[11] World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. WHO, Geneva, 2002. WHA55/2002/REC/1.
[12] Black R E et al. Maternal and Child Undernutrition. Global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008; 371:243-60
[13] Federal Ministry of Health; Family Health Department. National Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. April, 2004, Ethiopia
[14] Health and Health Related indicators 2003/04. Planning and Programming Department, FMOH, Ethiopia, December 2004.
[15] Biruk K.T. The status of breastfeeding among mothers of children aged less than two years and implication for the occurrence of acute diarrhea, Masters Thesis, Ethiopia, 2002
[16] www.internationalbreastfeedingjournal.com, 2003
[17] Girmatsion Fisseha, Gebremeskel Miruts, Mulu Tekie, Abraha W/Michael, Dejen Yemane, Tesfay Gerezigiher. Predictors of Timing of First Antenatal Care Booking at Public Health Centers in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2015, pp. 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20150303.13
[18] Getachew G: Feeding profile and diarrheal morbidity among 7-12 month infants in Tigray, Master’s Thesis, Ethiopia, 2006
[19] Community Assessment in selected Wordas, in Amhara, Oromia and SNNP regions; ESHA, Ethiopia, 2006.
[20] EPHA, Abstract 11, Assessment of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice in Dabat town, North West Ethiopia, 2006
[21] 2000 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, Central Statistical Authority, Addis Ababa, May 2001.
[22] Crystal L. Patil. et al. Maternal knowledge, infant feeding practices in rural Tanzania, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Canada, 2004
[23] Kull I, Almquist C, Lilja G, et al. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of asthma during the first 4 years of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol (2004) 114: 755-60 [Web of Science] [Medlin]
[24] Landbok MH. Breastfeeding as a woman’s issue: conclusions and consensus, complementary concerns, and next actions Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994; 47 (Suppl) S SI-S 61 (accessed 28 July 2009)
[25] Disha Khanna, Ankush Sachdeva, Battered Woman Syndrome: Its Repercussions and Implications on Women of the Present Era, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences. Vol. 1, No. 2, 2015, pp. 7-10. doi:10.11648/j.ijcems.20150102.11
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    Zelalem Kebede. (2015). Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(4), 544-551. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23

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    Zelalem Kebede. Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(4), 544-551. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23

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    AMA Style

    Zelalem Kebede. Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(4):544-551. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23,
      author = {Zelalem Kebede},
      title = {Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia},
      journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {544-551},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150304.23},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150304.23},
      abstract = {Back ground - The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority. Vast scientific literatures demonstrated substantial health, social and economic benefits associated with appropriate breastfeeding, including lower infant morbidity and mortality from diarrhea and infectious diseases. WHO and UNICEF recommend that all mothers should breastfeed their children exclusively for the first 6 months and thereafter. In Ethiopia, like in other developing nations, diarrhea is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality in young infant and children, especially in urban areas, due to inappropriate breastfeeding patterns. Breastfeeding being a vital and indispensable part of primary health care, studies have not been conducted in East Shewa zone on determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of reproductive age group. Objective – To assess determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of child aged less than two years in Bishoftu town, Ada’a woreda, East Shewa zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods – A cross- sectional community based study design was employed. A total of 806 mothers of children age less than two years residing in Bishoftu town, East Shewa zone, Ethiopia were selected by using systematic random sampling for the quantitative study. The households were selected by systematic random sampling, which is by dividing the total number of households in all selected kebeles by the allocated sample size to get study subjects. Experienced interviewers and qualified supervisors were employed and a pre-tested questionnaire was utilized for this purpose. Result—Four hundred ten (50.9%) had sufficient knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding. Knowledge was found to be influenced by PNC. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice is only 34.1%. PNC follow up and maternal educations are significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Mothers who attended PNC are more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than those who did not attend (AOR= 2.19 (1.12, 4.32)), and those who did not attend formal school are more likely to practice exclusively (AOR= 3.61 (1.14, 11.43)), than mothers who attended education. Conclusion: It is concluded that maternal knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding is insufficient and breastfeeding practice is sub-optimal. This would increase the risk of faltered growth, infant/young child diarrhea and/or malnutrition, ARI and in addition it shortens birth interval and high fertility. Therefore strengthening counseling mothers on optimal breastfeeding practice and improving the information provision by suitable focused intensive IEC activity and other recommendations is forwarded.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - Determinants of Optimum Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Child Less than Two Years in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia
    AU  - Zelalem Kebede
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    AB  - Back ground - The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority. Vast scientific literatures demonstrated substantial health, social and economic benefits associated with appropriate breastfeeding, including lower infant morbidity and mortality from diarrhea and infectious diseases. WHO and UNICEF recommend that all mothers should breastfeed their children exclusively for the first 6 months and thereafter. In Ethiopia, like in other developing nations, diarrhea is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality in young infant and children, especially in urban areas, due to inappropriate breastfeeding patterns. Breastfeeding being a vital and indispensable part of primary health care, studies have not been conducted in East Shewa zone on determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of reproductive age group. Objective – To assess determinants of optimum breastfeeding among mothers of child aged less than two years in Bishoftu town, Ada’a woreda, East Shewa zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods – A cross- sectional community based study design was employed. A total of 806 mothers of children age less than two years residing in Bishoftu town, East Shewa zone, Ethiopia were selected by using systematic random sampling for the quantitative study. The households were selected by systematic random sampling, which is by dividing the total number of households in all selected kebeles by the allocated sample size to get study subjects. Experienced interviewers and qualified supervisors were employed and a pre-tested questionnaire was utilized for this purpose. Result—Four hundred ten (50.9%) had sufficient knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding. Knowledge was found to be influenced by PNC. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice is only 34.1%. PNC follow up and maternal educations are significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. Mothers who attended PNC are more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than those who did not attend (AOR= 2.19 (1.12, 4.32)), and those who did not attend formal school are more likely to practice exclusively (AOR= 3.61 (1.14, 11.43)), than mothers who attended education. Conclusion: It is concluded that maternal knowledge on benefit of breastfeeding is insufficient and breastfeeding practice is sub-optimal. This would increase the risk of faltered growth, infant/young child diarrhea and/or malnutrition, ARI and in addition it shortens birth interval and high fertility. Therefore strengthening counseling mothers on optimal breastfeeding practice and improving the information provision by suitable focused intensive IEC activity and other recommendations is forwarded.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Public Health Program, Police Medical Professionals Training Institute, Ethiopian Police University College, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia

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